Fear-induced bradycardia, a transient heartbeat deceleration following exposure to threat, is
a physiological index observable in humans, especially in fear conditioning experiments …

Serotonin communication operates mainly in the extracellular space and cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF), using volume transmission with serotonin moving from source to target cells (neurons …

Neurotransmitters are considered as a fundamental regulator in the process of neuronal
growth, differentiation and survival. Parkinson's Disease (PD) occurs due to extensive …

The purpose of this study is to study the neuroprotective role of selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI), citalopram, against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple SSRIs, including …

In the current study, we investigated the protective role of citalopram against cognitive
decline, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, defective mitochondrial biogenesis, defective …

Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are a newly discovered class of molecular
regulators involved in many diseases, especially tumors. Therefore, exploration of the …

Background Little is still known about the long-term impact of childhood and adolescent
persistent depression and anxiety in adulthood. Aims To investigate the impact of persistent …

Neurotransmitters like dopamine (DA), serotonin (SRT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and
acetylcholine (ACh) are messenger molecules that play a pivotal role in transmitting …

Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that can be metabolized via endogenous and
exogenous pathways, including the Kynurenine Pathway, the 5-Hydroxyindole Pathway …

Understanding the mechanism behind probiotic action will enable a rational selection of
probiotics, increase the chances of success in clinical studies and make it easy to …