Cellular hypoxia occurs when the demand for sufficient molecular oxygen needed to
produce the levels of ATP required to perform physiological functions exceeds the vascular …

Hypoxia induicible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cancer progression
and target therapy in cancer. HIF-1α acts differently depending on presence or absence of …

The key regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxia and inflammation (hypoxia
inducible factor, HIF, and nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB, respectively) are evolutionarily …

Hypoxia triggers several mechanisms to adapt cells to a low oxygen environment.
Mitochondria are major consumers of oxygen and a potential source of reactive oxygen …

The liver has a multitude of functions which are necessary to maintain whole body
homeostasis. This requires that various metabolic pathways can run in parallel in the most …

The hypoxic response in cells and tissues is mediated by the family of hypoxia-inducible
factor (HIF) transcription factors; these play an integral role in the metabolic changes that …

Atherosclerosis is a multifocal alteration of the vascular wall of medium and large arteries
characterized by a local accumulation of cholesterol and non-resolving inflammation …

The cardiovascular system ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, tissues,
and organs. Under extended exposure to reduced oxygen levels, cells are able to survive …

The complex cross‐talk of intricate intercellular signaling networks between the tumor and
stromal cells promotes cancer progression. Hypoxia is one of the most common conditions …

Anemia is a complication that affects a majority of individuals with advanced CKD. Although
relative deficiency of erythropoietin production is the major driver of anemia in CKD, iron …