Recently, radioresistant cancer cells surviving radiotherapy have been suggested to show
more aggressive phenotypes than parental cells, and the underlying mechanisms may be …

Objectives Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy are more
widely used than monotherapy and have shown better survival in patients with advanced …

During the last 2 decades, the understanding of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has
evolved from a purely histologic classification system to a more complex model synthesizing …

Abstract Objective Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or combined with chemotherapy
exhibit substantial efficacy for the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays critical roles in immune modulation and tumor
malignancies in the process of cancer development. Immune cells constitute a significant …

Background: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification, among which 5-
methylcytosine methylation (5mC) is generally associated with tumorigenesis. Nonetheless …

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with a high relapse
rate, limited therapeutic options, and poor prognosis. The combination of chemotherapy and …

Background Single-agent immunotherapy is currently the recommended second-line
therapy for patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable …

Background Preclinical data have shown the immunomodulatory effects of metformin and
dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors in patients with diabetes. However, its clinical …

Abstract Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) became the standard of care for
several solid tumors. A limited fraction of patients (pts) achieves a long-term benefit …