Humoral immunity depends on the germinal centre (GC) reaction during which somatically
mutated high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. Recent studies have …

Germinal centers (GCs) were described more than 125 years ago as compartments within
secondary lymphoid organs that contained mitotic cells. Since then, it has become clear that …

Resident memory B (BRM) cells develop and persist in the lungs of influenza-infected mice
and humans; however, their contribution to recall responses has not been defined. Here, we …

Positive selection of germinal center (GC) B cells is driven by B cell receptor (BCR) affinity
and requires help from follicular T helper cells. The transcription factors c-Myc and Foxo1 …

In response to T cell–dependent antigens, mature B cells are stimulated to form germinal
centers (GCs), the sites of B cell affinity maturation and the cell of origin (COO) of most B cell …

The germinal center (GC) reaction produces high-affinity antibodies by random mutation and
selective clonal expansion of B cells with high-affinity receptors. The mechanism by which B …

INTRODUCTION Germinal centers (GCs) are transient microanatomic structures that form in
lymphoid organs during an immune response. They are the sites of B cell clonal expansion …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide help to B cells and are crucial for establishment of
germinal center (GC) reactions, including production of high-affinity antibodies and …

A hallmark of adaptive immune responses is the generation of long‐lived protection after
primary exposure to a pathogen. In humoral responses, this protection stems from a …

The development of high-affinity B cell memory is regulated through three separable
phases, each involving antigen recognition by specific B cells and cognate T helper cells …