Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling controls multiple cell fate decisions during
development and tissue homeostasis; hence, dysregulation of this pathway can drive …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family members are structurally and functionally related
cytokines that have diverse effects on the regulation of cell fate during embryonic …

Second-generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) retarget and reprogramme T cells to
augment their antitumour efficacy. The combined activating and co-stimulatory domains …

Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are synthetic receptors that target T cells to cell-surface
antigens and augment T-cell function and persistence. Mesothelin is a cell-surface antigen …

AT cell receptor (TCR) mediates antigen-induced signaling through its associated CD3ε, δ,
γ, and ζ, but the contributions of different CD3 chains remain elusive. Using quantitative …

Neuroblastoma is a solid tumour that arises from the developing sympathetic nervous
system. Over the past decade, our understanding of this disease has advanced …

Investigators developed chimeric antigen receptors (CAR s) for expression on T cells more
than 25 years ago. When the CAR is derived from an antibody, the resultant cell should …

T cells have the capacity to eradicate diseased cells, but tumours present considerable
challenges that render T cells ineffectual. Cancer cells often make themselves …

Purpose: Immunotherapy using vaccines or adoptively transferred tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes (TIL) is limited by T-cell functional inactivation within the solid tumor …

Cytotoxicity of tumor-specific T cells requires tumor cell-to-T cell contact-dependent
induction of classic tumor cell apoptosis and pyroptosis. However, this may not trigger …