A healthy nutritional state is required for all aspects of reproduction and is signaled by the
adipokine leptin. Leptin acts in a relatively narrow concentration range: too much or too little …

There has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity in people with type 1
diabetes in recent years. Although obesity has long been recognized as a major risk factor …

The physiological role of leptin is thought to be a driving force to reduce food intake and
increase energy expenditure. However, leptin therapies in the clinic have failed to effectively …

In the last decades, the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) have
emerged as a vigorous field combining experimental, clinical, epidemiological and public …

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are great public health concerns throughout the world
because of their increasing incidence and prevalence. Leptin, the adipocyte hormone, is …

Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of
homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is …

Size at birth is a critical determinant of life expectancy, and is dependent primarily on the
placental supply of nutrients. However, the placenta is not just a passive organ for the …

Hypothalamic systems which regulate appetite may be permanently modified during early
development. We have previously reported hyperphagia and increased adiposity in the …

Pancreatic b-cell failure, alongside insulin resistance, can be considered as one of the two
key events that leads to the development of type 2 diabetes (Leahy et al. 2010). In the early …

There are many instances in life when the environment plays a critical role in the health
outcomes of an individual, yet none more so than those experienced in fetal and neonatal …