Animal behavior is shaped by a variety of" internal states"—partially hidden variables that
profoundly shape perception, cognition, and action. The neural basis of internal states, such …

An organism's survival can depend on its ability to recall and navigate to spatial locations
associated with rewards, such as food or a home. Accumulating research has revealed that …

Noradrenaline released from the locus coeruleus (LC) is a ubiquitous neuromodulator,,–that
has been linked to multiple functions including arousal,,–, action and sensory gain,–, and …

Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration
ensures that the frequency and depth of breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In …

The locus coeruleus (LC), a small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of the
neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in the brain. The LC receives input from widespread …

During moments involving selective attention, the thalamus orchestrates the preferential
processing of prioritized information by coordinating rhythmic neural activity within a …

To understand what makes sleep vulnerable in disease, it is useful to look at how wake-
promoting mechanisms affect healthy sleep. Wake-promoting neuronal activity is inhibited …

Five decades ago, seminal studies positioned the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC)
norepinephrine (NE) system as a key substrate for the regulation of wakefulness and sleep …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by the intracellular
accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and the extracellular deposition of amyloid-β …

Rats and mice are used for studying neuronal circuits underlying recognition memory due to
their ability to spontaneously remember the occurrence of an object, its place and an …