In ordinary listening environments, acoustic signals reaching the ears directly from real
sound sources are followed after a few milliseconds by early reflections arriving from nearby …

Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

The perception of externalization of speech sounds was investigated with respect to the
monaural and binaural cues available at the listeners' ears in a reverberant environment …

Recently, with the use of an amplitude-modulated binaural beat (AMBB), in which sound
amplitude and interaural-phase difference (IPD) were modulated with a fixed mutual …

Localization of sounds in the horizontal plane depends on interaural differences established
by the sound source location, environment, and anatomy of the listener. Important interaural …

Normal-hearing human listeners and a variety of studied animal species localize sound
sources accurately in reverberant environments by responding to the directional cues …

The cochlea's wave-based signal processing allows it to efficiently decompose a complex
acoustic waveform into frequency components. Because cochlear responses are nonlinear …

Sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) conveyed in the temporal fine structure of low-
frequency tones and the modulated envelopes of high-frequency sounds are considered …

Temporal variation in listeners' sensitivity to interaural time and level differences (ITD and
ILD, respectively) was measured for sounds of different carrier frequency using the temporal …

The purpose of this study was to measure the binaural interaction component (BIC) derived
from click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) using stimuli configured to elicit the …