The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+]) has important roles in the triggering of
neurotransmitter release and the regulation of short-term plasticity (STP). Transmitter …

Communication between cells reaches its highest degree of specialization at chemical
synapses. Some synapses talk in a'whisper'; others' shout'. The'louder'the synapse, the more …

We report the observation of neural processing that occurs within 265 milliseconds after
outcome stimuli that inform human participants about gains and losses in a gambling task. A …

Action potential timing is fundamental to information processing; however, its determinants
are not fully understood. Here we report unexpected structural specializations in the Ranvier …

Synaptic efficacy and precision are influenced by the coupling of voltage-gated Ca 2+
channels (VGCCs) to vesicles. But because the topography of VGCCs and their proximity to …

The mechanisms controlling the post-natal maturation of astrocytes play a crucial role in
ensuring correct synaptogenesis. We show that mitochondrial biogenesis in developing …

Myelin-derived axon outgrowth inhibitors, such as Nogo, may account for the lack of axonal
regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) after trauma in adult mammals. A 66 …

Microsecond differences in the arrival time of a sound at the two ears (interaural time
differences, ITDs) are the main cue for localizing low-frequency sounds in space …

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized complexes of extracellular matrix molecules that
surround the somata of fast-spiking neurons throughout the vertebrate brain. PNNs are …

In this review we take a physiological perspective on the role of voltage‐gated potassium
channels in an identified neuron in the auditory brainstem. The large number of KCN genes …