Hypoxia induicible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cancer progression
and target therapy in cancer. HIF-1α acts differently depending on presence or absence of …

Abstract Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2. 1.1) are widely distributed metalloenzymes in
both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They efficiently catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon …

Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors that promotes cell growth, survival, and metastasis and
confers resistance to chemo and radiotherapies. Hypoxic responses are largely mediated by …

Many primary-tumor subregions have low levels of molecular oxygen, termed hypoxia.
Hypoxic tumors are at elevated risk for local failure and distant metastasis, but the molecular …

Hypoxia is a non-physiological level of oxygen tension, a phenomenon common in a
majority of malignant tumors. Tumor-hypoxia leads to advanced but dysfunctional …

Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative mechanism which responds to cellular
conditions like stress or starvation and plays a key role in regulating cell metabolism, energy …

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor in adults and is characterized by the
presence of hypervascularization and necrosis, both caused by a hypoxic …

The cardiovascular system ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, tissues,
and organs. Under extended exposure to reduced oxygen levels, cells are able to survive …

Hypoxia is a feature of most tumours, albeit with variable incidence and severity within a
given patient population. It is a negative prognostic and predictive factor owing to its multiple …

Nanomedicine is an emerging form of therapy that focuses on alternative drug delivery and
improvement of the treatment efficacy while reducing detrimental side effects to normal …