Influenza is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accumulation of
genetic mutations termed antigenic drift, allows influenza viruses to inflict yearly epidemics …

The relationship between advanced age and immunologic deficits is becoming an area of
rapidly advancing research. Many of the clinical hurdles in the elderly population result from …

Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in
older patients. Uncontrolled neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammation exacerbates this …

In the absence of an immune challenge, healthy, aged individuals have a significantly
higher basal inflammatory state where circulating levels of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α …

The aging process is a universal, intrinsic, progressive accumulation of deleterious changes
in cells and tissues that increases morbidity and leads to death. The heterogeneity of the …

Background Dysfunctional neutrophils with advanced age are a hallmark of
immunosenescence. Reduced migration and bactericidal activity increase the risk of …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are defined as a group of myeloid cells with
potent immunoregulatory functions that have been shown to be involved in a variety of …

A hallmark of the aged immune system is impaired immunoregulation of the innate and
adaptive immune system in the periphery and also in the central nervous system (CNS) …

Introduction Several immunological alterations that occur during pulmonary diseases often
mimic alterations observed in the aged lung. From the molecular perspective, pulmonary …

Host defense against bacterial and fungal infections diminishes with age. In humans,
impaired neutrophil responses are thought to contribute to this decline. However, it remains …