Genome-wide association studies have yielded thousands of associations for many
common diseases and disease-related complex traits. The identified associations made it …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is the use of genetic variants associated with an exposure to
estimate the causal effect of that exposure on an outcome. Mediation analysis is the method …

We report on the influence of~ 22 million variants on 731 immune cell traits in a cohort of
3,757 Sardinians. We detected 122 significant (P< 1.28× 10− 11) independent association …

This paper provides guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. It is
aimed at practitioners seeking to undertake analyses and write up their findings, and at …

Aims Low vitamin D status is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases
(CVDs). Although most existing linear Mendelian randomization (MR) studies reported a null …

Growing evidence suggests that relative carbohydrate intake affects depression; however,
the association between carbohydrates and depression remains controversial. To test this …

Mendelian randomization refers to an analytic approach to assess the causality of an
observed association between a modifiable exposure or risk factor and a clinically relevant …

Background Alcohol consumption and smoking, 2 major risk factors for cardiovascular
disease (CVD), often occur together. The objective of this study is to use a wide range of …

Instrumental variable analysis is an approach for obtaining causal inferences on the effect of
an exposure (risk factor) on an outcome from observational data. It has gained in popularity …

Background Smoking is a well-established cause of lung cancer and there is strong
evidence that smoking also increases the risk of several other cancers. Alcohol consumption …