It is becoming clearer how neurobiological mechanisms generate 'liking'and
'wanting'components of food reward. Mesocorticolimbic mechanisms that enhance …

This review discusses alcohol and other forms of drug addiction as both a sociocultural and
biological phenomenon. Sex differences and gender are not solely determined by biology …

Social interactions are motivated behaviors that, in many species, facilitate learning.
However, how the brain encodes the reinforcing properties of social interactions remains …

The brain is the seat of body weight homeostasis. However, our inability to control the
increasing prevalence of obesity highlights a need to look beyond canonical feeding …

Early adolescent substance use dramatically increases the risk of lifelong substance use
disorder (SUD). An adolescent sensitive period evolved to allow the development of risk …

This paper has a rather audacious purpose: to present a comprehensive theory explaining,
and further providing hypotheses for the empirical study of, the multiple ways by which …

Research on avoidance conditioning began in the late 1930s as a way to use laboratory
experiments to better understand uncontrollable fear and anxiety. Avoidance was initially …

I propose a reconceptualization of key phenomena important in the study of emotion—those
phenomena that reflect functions and circuits related to survival, and that are shared by …

The ability to resist the urge to eat requires the proper functioning of neuronal circuits
involved in top-down control to oppose the conditioned responses that predict reward from …

Functional, molecular and genetic neuroimaging has highlighted the existence of brain
anomalies and neural vulnerability factors related to obesity and eating disorders such as …