Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an endogenous cofactor for some enzymatic conversions of
essential biomolecules, including nitric oxide, and monoamine neurotransmitters, and for the …

Introduction Pteridines, such as neopterin, biopterin, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4), may be
involved in depression pathophysiology owing to their links to immune-inflammatory …

Abstract Background Approximately 70% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have co-
morbid vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID); this highly …

Cognitive dysfunction is the main clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Previous research found that elevated orexin level in the cerebrospinal fluid was closely …

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a multifunctional co-factor of various enzymes and a substantial
amount of studies have shown BH4 as a key regulator in the synthesis of neurotransmitters …

Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is the key and rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin (5-HT)
synthesis in the mammalian brain. The 1473G mutation in the Tph2 gene decreases TPH2 …

As a classic animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the 3× Tg-AD mouse not only
recapitulates most of anatomical hallmarks observed in AD pathology but also displays …

Dementia is the main clinical feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Orexin has recently been
linked to AD pathogenesis, and exogenous orexin-A (OXA) aggravates spatial memory …

Background: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its
relation with tau pathology (ie, aberrant tau protein behavior in tauopathies such as AD) has …

Mitochondrial stress and dysfunction play important roles in many pathologies. However,
how cells respond to mitochondrial stress is not fully understood. Here, we examined the …