Cancer is one of the greatest challenges in medical science today as it poses a serious
threat to human life. In view of this myriad of therapeutic strategies are being developed for …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-
L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the …

Radiotherapy (RT) is an extensively used strategy for cancer treatment, but its therapeutic
effect is usually limited by the abnormal tumor microenvironment (TME) and it lacks the …

In late 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a lipid-based mRNA
vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19, which has pushed this field to be more closely …

CAR T cell-based therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematological
malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma within the last years. In contrast to the …

Cellular redox homeostasis is an essential, dynamic process that ensures the balance
between reducing and oxidizing reactions within cells and thus has implications across all …

Due to radiation resistance and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of metastatic
osteosarcoma, novel radiosensitizers that can sensitize radiotherapy (RT) and antitumor …

As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT),
chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical …

Until the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), definitive radiotherapy (RT)
concurrently with chemotherapy was recommended for unresectable, locally advanced non …

Methods We performed a narrative review of the literature in the PubMed database. The
research string comprised various combinations of “radiotherapy”,“programmed death …