Atrial septal defects are the third most common type of congenital heart disease. Included in
this group of malformations are several types of atrial communications that allow shunting of …

Atrial septal defects (ASDs) represent the most common congenital heart defect diagnosed
in adulthood. Although considered a simple defect, challenges in optimal diagnostic and …

Force. The finalized document is approved by the CPG for publication in the European Heart
Journal. The Guidelines were developed after careful consideration of the scientific and …

The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published
for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC …

Aims The population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is growing and ageing.
Limited information about the diagnostic spectrum of this emerging population, its resource …

Interventions in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) focus on surgical and
percutaneous interventions in light of rapidly evolving ACHD clinical practice. To bring rigour …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension related to congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) is a
common type of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite this, little emphasis has …

Background Device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are
both associated with short‐and long‐term complications. Our knowledge of the complication …

Background/objectives Pulmonary arterial hypertension is an important complication in
hemodynamically relevant atrial septal defects (ASD) and negatively affects outcome. This …

Objective The ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is among the most common
congenital cardiac anomalies diagnosed in adulthood. A known complication of …