Bacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes
of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal …

Melanin is a unique pigment with myriad functions that is found in all biological kingdoms. It
is multifunctional, providing defense against environmental stresses such as ultraviolet (UV) …

Fungi and bacteria encounter each other in various niches of the human body. There, they
interact directly with one another or indirectly via the host response. In both cases …

The public's demand for natural, eco-friendly, and safe pigments is significantly increasing in
the current era. Natural pigments, especially fungal pigments, are receiving more attention …

Whether it is in the setting of disease or in a healthy state, the human body contains a
diverse range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. The interactions between …

Lignin is amorphous in nature, lacks stereoregularity, and is not susceptible to hydrolytic
attack. Despite its resistant nature, it is however degraded by various microorganisms …

Background Melanin pigments are ubiquitous in nature. Melanized microorganisms are
often the dominating species in certain extreme environments, such as soils contaminated …

For a long time, it was considered that interactions between microbes are only inhibitory in
nature. However, latest developments in research have demonstrated that within our …

Fungi and bacteria co-inhabit a wide variety of environments, from soils and food products to
plants and mammals. Interactions between bacteria and fungi can have dramatic effects on …

Pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria pose one of the most important health challenges of
the 21st century. The overuse and abuse of antibiotics coupled with the natural evolutionary …