Low back pain (LBP) is a common disease that imposes a huge social and economic
burden on people. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is often considered to be …

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a chronic pain syndrome in the lower back region, lasting
for at least 3 months. CLBP represents the second leading cause of disability worldwide …

BACKGROUND: Chronic spinal pain is the most prevalent chronic disease with employment
of multiple modes of interventional techniques including epidural interventions. Multiple …

Preclinical studies coupled with clinical pharmacologic and neuroimaging investigations
have advanced our understanding of brain circuits that modulate pain. Descending pain …

Nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common clinical condition that has impacts at
both the individual and societal level. Pain intensity is a primary outcome used in clinical …

Background context Psychological factors including fear avoidance beliefs are believed to
influence the development of chronic low back pain (LBP). Purpose The purpose of this …

Purpose Inconsistent reporting of outcomes in clinical trials of patients with non-specific low
back pain (NSLBP) hinders comparison of findings and the reliability of systematic reviews …

Background Physical functioning is a core outcome domain to be measured in nonspecific
low back pain (NSLBP). A panel of experts recommended the Roland-Morris Disability …

Background Non‐specific low back pain is a common, potentially disabling condition usually
treated with self‐care and non‐prescription medication. For chronic low back pain, current …

Background context Psychological factors including catastrophizing thoughts are believed to
influence the development of chronic low back pain (LBP). Purpose To assess the …