This paper presents an updated and comprehensive review on the different methods used
for detection and quantification of viruses in wastewater treatment systems. The analysis of …

Numerous viruses of human or animal origin can spread in the environment and infect
people via water and food, mostly through ingestion and occasionally through skin contact …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a pandemic
threat worldwide and causes severe health and economic burdens. Contaminated …

Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including
irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the …

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been recognized as a powerful tool for
biosensors due to the ultrahigh sensitivity and unique fingerprint information. However, there …

Human enteric viruses can be present in untreated and inadequately treated drinking water.
Molecular methods, such as the reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), can detect viral …

Dengue virus is an important arbovirus infection which transmitted by the Aedes female
mosquitoes. The attempt to control and early detection of this infection is a global public …

The study of soil viruses, though not new, has languished relative to the study of marine
viruses. This is particularly due to challenges associated with separating virions from …

Enteric viruses are a diverse group of human pathogens which are primarily transmitted by
the faecal–oral route and are a major cause of non-bacterial diarrhoeal disease in both …

Capsid integrity quantitative PCR (qPCR), a molecular detection method for infectious
viruses combining azo dye pretreatment with qPCR, has been widely used in recent years; …