Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Background Psilocybin has been suggested as a novel, rapid-acting treatment for
depression. Two consecutive doses have been shown to markedly decrease symptom …

Ketamine, a racemic mixture of (S)-ketamine and (R)-ketamine enantiomers, has been used
as an anesthetic, analgesic and more recently, as an antidepressant. However, ketamine …

Major depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. This situation is
mainly related to the chronicity and/or recurrence of the disorder, and to poor response to …

Abstract Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a subset of Major Depressive Disorder
which does not respond to traditional and first-line therapeutic options. There are several …

Abstract Treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder (MDD) need to be improved.
Presently, no clinically relevant tools have been established for stratifying subgroups or …

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disorder, for
which available pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy. The authors' previous proof-of …

Mounting evidence suggests safety and efficacy of psychedelic compounds as potential
novel therapeutics in psychiatry. Ketamine has been approved by the Food and Drug …

Background Sub-anaesthetic administration of ketamine is an emerging practice in patients
presenting treatment resistant depression (TRD), however several outstanding questions …