The protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum is one of the major causative pathogens of
diarrhoea in young ruminants; therefore, it causes economic losses and impairs animal …

Livestock products supply about 13 percent of energy and 28 percent of protein in diets
consumed worldwide. Diarrhea is a leading cause of sickness and death of beef and dairy …

Featuring contributions from specialists in related research areas, this book presents expert
summaries on state-of-the-art diagnostic approaches for major animal viral pathogens, with …

Abstract Background Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) together with bovine torovirus (BToV), both
members of the Coronaviridae family, order Nidovirales are the most common viral enteric …

Background Coronaviruses are notorious pathogens that cause diarrheic and respiratory
diseases in humans and animals. Although the epidemiology and pathogenicity of …

BoCV isolated from respiratory tract, nasal swab and broncho alveolar washing fluid
samples were evaluated for genetic and antigenic differences. These BoCV from the …

Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it
belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric …

Calf diarrhea causes severe economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. This study
investigated the prevalence of bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine norovirus (BNoV), bovine …

Aim Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and bovine enteric disease (BED) are two major
diseases in cattle, resulting in severe economic losses in the dairy and beef industries. The …

Nidovirales is one order of RNA virus, with the largest single-stranded positive sense RNA
genome enwrapped with membrane envelope. It comprises four families (Arterividae …