Heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) are environmental pollutants, most notably cadmium,
lead, arsenic, mercury, and chromium. When HMs accumulate to toxic levels in agricultural …

Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) are among the primary soil pollutants that limit crop
production worldwide. Plants grown in HM contaminated soils exhibit reduced growth and …

Environmental pollution due to heavy metals is a growing concern worldwide. Human
activities such as industrial discharge, mining, smelting, hazardous solid waste disposal, etc …

Abiotic stress in plants is a crucial issue worldwide, especially heavy-metal contaminants,
salinity, and drought. These stresses may raise a lot of issues such as the generation of …

One of the serious environmental concern around the world is heavy metals contamination.
They can enter to the environment through human activities such as mining, farming, and …

Land treatment has become an essential waste management practice. Therefore, soil
becomes a major source of contaminants including organic chemicals and potentially toxic …

Environmental matrices are polluted with the plethora of contaminants, and among these,
the concerns related to heavy metals (HMs) are also included. Due to the low cost in a long …

Environmental contamination is triggered by various anthropogenic activities, such as using
pesticides, toxic chemicals, industrial effluents, and metals. Pollution not only affects both …

Landfill leachate is characterised by high chemical and biological oxygen demand and
generally consists of undesirable substances such as organic and inorganic contaminants …

The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant
defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in …