Gene therapy is the product of man's quest to eliminate diseases. Gene therapy has three
facets namely, gene silencing using siRNA, shRNA and miRNA, gene replacement where …

Cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and become terminally differentiated soon after birth.
Therefore, in the adult heart, instead of an increase in cardiomyocyte number, individual …

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) develops when cardiac output falls as a
result of cardiac injury. The most well-recognized of the compensatory homeostatic …

Heart failure is a global problem with an estimated prevalence of 38 million patients
worldwide, a number that is increasing with the ageing of the population. It is the most …

The heart has a high rate of ATP production and turnover that is required to maintain its
continuous mechanical work. Perturbations in ATP-generating processes may therefore …

Calcium (Ca2+) released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is crucial for excitation–
contraction (E–C) coupling. Mitochondria, the major source of energy, in the form of ATP …

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate the rapid release of calcium (Ca2+) from intracellular
stores into the cytosol, which is essential for numerous cellular functions including excitation …

The congenital myopathies are a group of early-onset, non-dystrophic neuromuscular
conditions with characteristic muscle biopsy findings, variable severity and a stable or slowly …

Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger in all cell types and is required for numerous
essential cellular functions, including cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction. The …

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in the Western world. The heart
responds to many cardiopathological conditions with hypertrophic growth by enlarging …