Currently, over 300 million people worldwide have depression, and the socioeconomic
burden of this debilitating disorder is anticipated to increase markedly over the coming …

The ability of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine to induce a rapid and
sustained antidepressant effect has led to a surge in pre-clinical studies investigating …

Cognitive symptoms of depression, including negative cognitive bias, are more severe in
women than in men. Current treatments to reduce negative cognitive bias are not effective …

Early life adversity (ELA) is a risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD), however the
underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Clinical studies suggest that negative …

Mood disorders represent one of society's most costly and challenging health burdens. The
drug treatments used today were initially discovered serendipitously in the 1950s. Animal …

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This comprehensive review of mood disorders brings together the
past and current literature on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of the depressive and …

Rationale Motivational deficits are a common symptom shared across multiple psychiatric
and neurodegenerative disorders. Effort-based decision-making tasks are a translatable …

Background Cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder, such as negative cognitive
bias, are more prevalent in women than in men. Cognitive bias involves pattern separation …

For the past decade, ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antagonist, has
been considered a promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Unlike the …

How rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs), such as ketamine, induce immediate and
sustained improvements in mood in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is poorly …