Bacteria orchestrate collective behaviors and accomplish feats that would be unsuccessful if
carried out by a lone bacterium. Processes undertaken by groups of bacteria include …

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) signal transduction systems provide bacteria with the ability to
sense changing cell status or environmental conditions and then execute suitable …

Nucleotide second messengers, such as cAMP and c-di-GMP, regulate many physiological
processes in bacteria, including biofilm formation. There is evidence of cross-talk between …

Microbial communities often display region-specific properties, which give rise to complex
interactions and emergent behaviors that are critical to the homeostasis and stress response …

The mycobacterial repressor, DarR, a TetR family regulator (TFR), was the first transcription
regulator shown to bind c-di-AMP. However, the molecular basis for this interaction and the …

Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is a putative second messenger molecule that is
conserved from bacteria to humans. Nevertheless, its physiological role and the underlying …

In natural environments, bacteria constantly encounter various stressful conditions, including
nutrient starvation, toxic chemicals, and oxidative stress. The ability to adapt to these …

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses,
coordinating a plethora of important biological processes. Low levels of c-di-GMP are often …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and is the primary cause of
nosocomial infections. Biofilm formation by this organism results in chronic and hard to …

Acid-resistant bacteria are more and more widely used in industrial production due to their
unique acid-resistant properties. In order to survive in various acidic environments, acid …