Nicotine usage by mothers throughout pregnancy has been observed to relate to numerous
deleterious effects in children, especially relating to obesity. Children who have prenatally …

This brief commentary aims to provide an overview of the available and relatively new
precision management of reward deficiencies manifested as substance and behavioral …

It is predicted that by 2030, globally, an estimated 2.16 billion adults will be overweight, and
1.12 billion will be obese. This study examined genetic data regarding Reward Deficiency …

In 2021, over 100,000 people died prematurely from opioid overdoses. Neuropsychiatric
and cognitive impairments are underreported comorbidities of reward dysregulation due to …

Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is defined as a breakdown of reward
neurotransmission that results in a wide range of addictive, compulsive, and impulsive …

Since 1990, when our laboratory published the association of the DRD2 Taq A1 allele and
severe alcoholism in JAMA, there has been an explosion of genetic candidate association …

The current addiction crisis has destroyed a multitude of lives, leaving millions of fatalities
worldwide in its wake. At the same time, various governmental agencies dedicated to …

Annotated bibliography of genetic addiction risk severity (GARS) publications, pro-dopamine
regulation in nutraceuticals (KB220 nutraceutical variants), and policy documents. Further …

Since 1990, published addiction psychiatry articles have exceeded 11,495. Several from
Blum et al. showed the clinical relevance of the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) test …

This case series presents the novel genetic addiction risk score (GARS), which shows a high
prevalence of polymorphic risk alleles of reward genes in a nuclear family with multiple …