Sex differences in motivation for food rewards, gambling, and drugs of abuse are modulated
by multiple factors, including sensory stimuli, gonadal hormones, and cognitive bias. Cues …

Individuals engage in the process of risk-based decision making on a daily basis to navigate
various aspects of life. There are, however, individual differences in this form of decision …

Essentially all neuropsychiatric diagnoses show some degree of sex and/or gender
differences in their etiology, diagnosis, or prognosis. As a result, the roles of sex-related …

Effective decision-making involves careful consideration of all rewarding and aversive
outcomes. Importantly, negative outcomes often occur later in time, leading to …

Reversal learning measures the ability to form flexible associations between choice
outcomes with stimuli and actions that precede them. This type of learning is thought to rely …

Gonadal sex steroids are important regulators of energy balance in adult rodents, and
gonadectomy (GDX) has opposing effects on weight gain in sexually mature males and …

Persistent substance use despite negative consequences is a key facet of substance use
disorder. The last decade has seen the preclinical field adopt the use of punishment to …

With the recent surge in cannabis legalization across North America, there is legitimate
concern that rates of cannabis use during pregnancy will dramatically increase in the …

In a recent issue of SLEEP, Lim et al.[1] report how different forms of sleep loss moderate
risky decision-making, and how this effect is dependent on gender. This was a …

Impaired decision-making is recognized as a diagnostic criterion for many different
psychiatric disorders including gambling disorder and substance use disorders. Habit …