COPD is characterized by chronic bronchitis, chronic airway obstruction, and emphysema,
leading to a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function. Inflammation is central for …

Pirfenidone (PFD) is a pharmacological compound with therapeutic efficacy in idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis. It has been chiefly characterized as an antifibrotic agent, although it was …

Cigarette smoking (CS) can impact the immune system and induce pulmonary disorders
such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is currently the fourth leading …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their potential for differentiation into alveolar
epithelial cells and their immunosuppressive characteristics, are considered a new …

HIV in the antiretroviral therapy era is characterized by multimorbidity and the frequent
occurrence of HIV-associated non-AIDS chronic health conditions. Respiratory symptoms …

The current obesity pandemic has been expanding in both developing and developed
countries. This suggests that the factors contributing to this condition need to be …

Introduction Tobacco smoking generates airway inflammation in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), and its involvement in the development of lung cancer is still …

Background Autoimmune responses mediated by cluster of differentiation 4+ T cells may
contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However …

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have revealed that autoimmune responses mediated by
CD4+ T cells may contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Inflammation is a prominent pathological feature in pulmonary arterial hypertension, as
demonstrated by pulmonary vascular infiltration of inflammatory cells, including T and B …