In the mid-1970s, an intense race to identify endogenous substances that activated the
same receptors as opiates resulted in the identification of the first endogenous opioid …

Biased ligands preferentially activate certain signaling pathways downstream of their target
receptor, leading to differential physiological or behavioral responses downstream. The …

This paper is the forty-first consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

Cocaine predictive cues and contexts exert powerful control over behaviour and can incite
cocaine seeking and taking. This type of conditioned behaviour is encoded within striatal …

Nalmefene, an analog to naltrexone, is an antagonist at the μ opioid receptor and a partial
agonist at the κ opioid receptor. Both agents are approved for the treatment of alcohol use …

The mu opioid receptor antagonist/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) partial agonist nalmefene
(NMF), a close structural analog of naltrexone (NTX), has been shown to reduce cocaine …

Novelty-and sensation-seeking behaviors induce activity of the brain reward system and are
associated with increased susceptibility to drug abuse. Endogenous opioids have been …

Drug predictive cues and contexts exert powerful control over behavior and can incite drug
seeking and taking. This association and the behavioral output are encoded within striatal …

Pain is a complex process involving complex molecular and cellular mechanisms and
pharmacotherapeutic strategies including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) …

Chronic pain is a significant public health issue. Current treatments have limited efficacy and
significant side effects, warranting research on alternative strategies for pain management …