Molecular catalysis plays an essential role in both natural and artificial photosynthesis (AP).
However, the field of molecular catalysis for AP has gradually declined in recent years …

The atmosphere of the Archean eon—one-third of Earth's history—is important for
understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies …

Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes to have evolved oxygenic photosynthesis,
transforming the biology and chemistry of our planet. Genomic and evolutionary studies …

The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending
on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This …

The endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria during eukaryogenesis has long been viewed as
an adaptive response to the oxygenation of Earth's surface environment, presuming a …

As the search for Earth-like exoplanets gathers pace, in order to understand them, we need
comprehensive theories for how planetary atmospheres form and evolve. Written by two well …

The early evolutionary history of the chloroplast lineage remains an open question. It is
widely accepted that the endosymbiosis that established the chloroplast lineage in …

The rapid increase of carbon dioxide concentration in Earth's modern atmosphere is a
matter of major concern. But for the atmosphere of roughly two-and-half billion years ago …

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all life on Earth and it acts as a major control on
biological productivity in the modern ocean. Accurate reconstructions of the evolution of life …