Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amount
confer a health benefit to the host. To be considered as a probiotic, a bacterial strain must …

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used chemotherapy agent in clinical oncology practice.
Two of its major side effects are mucositis and diarrhoea. The structure of mucins offers …

Irinotecan (CPT11) and its active metabolite ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN38) are
broad-spectrum cytotoxic anticancer agents. Both cause cell death in rapidly dividing cells …

The human microbiome plays many roles in inflammation, drug metabolism, and even the
development of cancer that we are only beginning to understand. Colorectal cancer has …

Although gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, mucositis and the alimentary
cancers share similar pathogenetic features, further investigation is required into new …

Objectives: Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) is a well recognized side effect of cancer
treatment. However, the pathophysiology behind this debilitating side effect remains unclear …

The gut microbiota exists in a dynamic balance between symbiosis and pathogenesis and
can influence almost any aspect of host physiology. Growing evidence suggests that the gut …

Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome with unintentional weight loss, sarcopenia, and
systemic inflammation. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients are more susceptible to …

Chemotherapy damages the intestinal mucosa, causing adverse gastrointestinal reactions.
Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) reduces the incidence of diarrhea in digestive …

Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian fungus that parasitizes the midgut epithelial cells of
honey bees, Apis mellifera. Due to the role that midgut microorganisms play in bee health …