BACKGROUND Evolution is a strongly historical process, and evolutionary biology is a field
that combines history and science. How the historical nature of evolution affects the …

How ecological niche breadth evolves is central to adaptation and speciation and has been
a topic of perennial interest. Niche breadth evolution research has occurred within …

Many studies have recorded phenotypic changes in natural populations and attributed them
to climate change. However, controversy and uncertainty has arisen around three levels of …

Fungi contribute extensively to a wide range of ecosystem processes, including
decomposition of organic carbon, deposition of recalcitrant carbon, and transformations of …

Adaptive laboratory evolution is a frequent method in biological studies to gain insights into
the basic mechanisms of molecular evolution and adaptive changes that accumulate in …

Adaptive responses of plants are important not only for local processes in populations and
communities but also for global processes in the biosphere through the primary production …

Evolutionary adaptation can be rapid and potentially help species counter stressful
conditions or realize ecological opportunities arising from climate change. The challenges …

Understanding the mechanisms that determine how phytoplankton adapt to warming will
substantially improve the realism of models describing ecological and biogeochemical …

The long history of reciprocal transplant studies testing the hypothesis of local adaptation
has shown that populations are often adapted to their local environments. Yet many studies …

In experimental evolution, laboratory-controlled conditions select for the adaptation of
species, which can be monitored in real time. Despite the current popularity of such …