Background Long‐acting bronchodilators such as long‐acting β‐agonist (LABA), long‐
acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and LABA/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combinations …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the lives of an ever-growing number
of people worldwide. The lack of understanding surrounding the pathophysiology of the …

Background The benefits of triple therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
with an inhaled glucocorticoid, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and a long …

Background Evidence is scarce on the relative risk-benefit of inhaled triple therapy,
consisting of inhaled corticosteroid, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, and long-acting β 2 …

Rationale: The IMPACT (Informing the Pathway of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Treatment) trial demonstrated a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (ACM) risk with …

Background Previous studies have highlighted a relationship between reduction in rate of
exacerbations with therapies containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and baseline blood …

Background The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
and increased cardiovascular event risk has not been adequately studied in a heterogenous …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide; many recent advances have been made in many aspects of the disease. The aim …

Identifying patients at risk of exacerbations and managing them appropriately to reduce this
risk represents an important clinical challenge. Numerous treatments have been assessed …

Background Single-inhaler fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI)
100/62.5/25 μg has been shown to improve lung function and health status, and reduce …