Objective Back pain is an elusive symptom complicated by a variety of possible causes,
precipitating and maintaining factors, and consequences. Notably, the underlying pathology …

Study Design. Review and reinterpretation of existing literature. Objective. To suggest how
intervertebral disc degeneration might be distinguished from the physiologic processes of …

Study Design. A histologic study on age-related changes of the human lumbar intervertebral
disc was conducted. Objectives. To investigate comprehensively age-related temporospatial …

Authored by experts of international renown, the new edition of The Biomechanics of Back
Pain forms a bridge between the latest research and the effective clinical management of …

We review the evidence that there are two types of disc degeneration.'E ndplate‐driven'disc
degeneration involves endplate defects and inwards collapse of the annulus, has a high …

Background: The evidence-based practice guidelines for the management of chronic spinal
pain with interventional techniques were developed to provide recommendations to …

Background: Comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in
the management of chronic spinal pain are described here to provide recommendations for …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been the major contributor to chronic lower back
pain (LBP). Abnormal apoptosis, senescence, and pyroptosis of IVD cells, extracellular …

The normal intervertebral disc (IVD) is a poorly innervated organ supplied only by sensory
(mainly nociceptive) and postganglionic sympathetic (vasomotor efferents) nerve fibers …

Study Design. An in vivo serial magnetic resonance imaging study of diffusion
characteristics in human lumbar discs over 24 hours in healthy volunteers and patients with …