The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm is a well-established model utilized to
study the role of context associations in reward-related behaviors, including both natural …

One decade ago, our laboratory provided the first direct evidence linking orexin/hypocretin
signaling with drug seeking by showing that activation of these neurons promotes …

Background The orexin (hypocretin) system is important for reward-driven motivation but has
not been implicated in the expression of a multiphenotype addicted state. Methods Rats …

The neuropeptides orexins are important in regulating the neurobiological systems that
respond to stressful stimuli. Furthermore, orexins are known to play a role many of the …

The central noradrenergic system innervates almost all regions of the brain and, as such, is
well positioned to modulate many neural circuits implicated in behaviors and physiology …

The orexin/hypocretin (ORX) system regulates motivation for natural rewards and drugs of
abuse such as alcohol. ORX receptor antagonists, most commonly OX1R antagonists …

Early life adversity can set the trajectory for later psychiatric disorders, including substance
use disorders. There are a host of neurobiological factors that may play a role in the …

Orexin (ORX)(also known as hypocretin) neurons are located exclusively in the posterior
hypothalamus, and are involved in a wide range of behaviours, including motivation for …

This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 …

Lateral hypothalamus (LH) orexin neuron signaling has been implicated in the motivation to
seek and take drugs of abuse. The number of LH orexin neurons has been shown to be …