Background The neurological and psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus
erythematosus (NPSLE) are a heterogeneous group of conditions with variable clinical …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by
diverse serological autoantibodies. Anti-dsDNA antibodies are involved in multiple organ …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an idiopathic chronic autoimmune disease that can
affect any organ in the body, including the neurological system. Multiple factors, such as …

Chronic pain is a common symptom in rheumatic diseases, and the patient with pain and no
signs of inflammation poses a challenge to the physician. Notably, all rheumatic diseases …

Objective Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is challenging to diagnose. Many
neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as headache and hallucinations, cannot be verified by …

Nervous system involvement in patients with SLE, termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE),
constitutes a diagnostic challenge, and its management is still poorly optimised. This review …

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is an insidious and underdiagnosed manifestation of systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE) that has a considerable impact on quality of life, which can be …

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) is a soluble form of
TREM-1 released during inflammation. Elevated sTREM-1 levels have been found in …

Background To test the hypothesis that neurofilament light (NfL) in CSF is a biomarker of
CNS involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary …

NMDA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are found throughout the brain and are
required for both brain development and many higher order functions. A variety of human …