Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular
bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be …

As the number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases, it brings great suffering
to their families and causes a heavy socioeconomic burden to society. A vast amount of …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau
and amyloid-β (Aβ) protein resulting in synaptic loss and apoptosis. Aβ and tau deposition …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease
(PD), and Huntington disease (HD) represent a major socio-economic challenge in view of …

Accelerated biological aging, which involves the gradual decline of organ or tissue functions
and the distortion of physiological processes, underlies several human diseases. Away from …

Mitochondria play a vital role in the nervous system, as they are responsible for generating
energy in the form of ATP and regulating cellular processes such as calcium (Ca 2+) …

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and immune responses are important factors in the pathogenesis …

The blood platelet plays an important role but often remains under‐recognized in several
vascular complications and associated diseases. Surprisingly, platelet hyperactivity and …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and its
early onset is closely related to mitochondrial energy metabolism. The brain is only 2% of …

In Alzheimer disease (AD), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and production of amyloid beta
(Aβ) which is generated by amyloidogenic pathway is implicated in neurotoxicity and …