BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized aggregates of immune
cells that form postnatally in nonlymphoid tissues. TLSs are not found under physiological …

NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical NF-κB is
activated by various stimuli, transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity, to …

The immune system has coevolved with extensive microbial communities living on barrier
sites that are collectively known as the microbiota. It is increasingly clear that microbial …

The origin of tissue-resident macrophages, crucial for homeostasis and immunity, has
remained controversial until recently. Originally described as part of the mononuclear …

Aging significantly increases the vulnerability to gastrointestinal (GI) disorders but there are
few studies investigating the key factors in aging that affect the GI tract. To address this …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells that lack a specific antigen receptor yet can
produce an array of effector cytokines that in variety match that of T helper cell subsets. ILCs …

Secondary lymphoid organs are integral to initiation and execution of adaptive immune
responses. These organs provide a setting for interactions between antigen-specific …

The impact of nutritional status during fetal life on the overall health of adults has been
recognized; however, dietary effects on the developing immune system are largely …

Secondary lymphoid organs are important locations for the initiation of adaptive immune
responses. They develop before birth, and their formation requires interaction between …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal malignancy resistant to most therapies,
including immune checkpoint blockade. To elucidate mechanisms of immunotherapy …