The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

Osteoclasts are unique cells that degrade the bone matrix. These large multinucleated cells
differentiate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon stimulation by two essential …

Targeting genetically encoded tools for neural circuit dissection to relevant cellular
populations is a major challenge in neurobiology. We developed an approach, targeted …

The osteoblast is the bone-forming cell. The molecular basis of osteoblast-specific gene
expression and differentiation is unknown. We previously identified an osteoblast-specific …

Newborn mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of insulin-like growth factor gene 1 (Igf-
1) exhibit a growth deficiency similar in severity to that prevlously observed in viable Igf-2 …

OSTEOCLASTS, which are present only in bone, are multinucleated giant cells with the
capacity to resorb mineralized tissues. During the past decade, several new approaches …

AP-1 (activating protein-1) is a collective term referring to dimeric transcription factors
composed of Jun, Fos or ATF (activating transcription factor) subunits that bind to a common …

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells of monocyte/macrophage origin that degrade bone
matrix. The differentiation of osteoclasts is dependent on a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family …

This second edition of the Bone Mechanics Handbook summarizes the current
understanding of bone mechanics with comprehensive coverage of the histology …

The AP-1 transcription factor is mainly composed of Jun, Fos and ATF protein dimers. It
mediates gene regulation in response to a plethora of physiological and pathological stimuli …