The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number
of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements …

Key Clinical Points Cryptogenic Stroke One quarter of patients with ischemic stroke have no
probable cause found after standard workup, including echocardiography, inpatient cardiac …

The aim of this updated guideline is to provide comprehensive and timely evidence-based
recommendations on the prevention of future stroke among survivors of ischemic stroke or …

Background Whether closure of a patent foramen ovale is effective in the prevention of
recurrent ischemic stroke in patients who have had a cryptogenic stroke is unknown. We …

Background The options for secondary prevention of cryptogenic embolism in patients with
patent foramen ovale are administration of antithrombotic medications or percutaneous …

Ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are the most common cerebrovascular
disorder and leading cause of death in China. The Effective secondary prevention is the vital …

Background: Newer designs and techniques of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) have
challenged the assumption of ankle arthrodesis (AA) as the primary treatment for end-stage …

Aims The preferred antithrombotic strategy for secondary prevention in patients with
cryptogenic stroke (CS) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) is unknown. We pooled multiple …

The term “ultima ratio” has multiple, though related, meanings. The motto “ultima ratio
regum,” cast on the cannons of the French army of King Louis XIV, meant that war is the last …

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common benign finding in healthy subjects, but its
prevalence is higher in patients with stroke of unclear cause (cryptogenic stroke). PFO is …