Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of
metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a peptide of incretin family which is used in the management of
diabetes as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 …

Background Although diabetic kidney disease demonstrates both familial clustering and
single nucleotide polymorphism heritability, the specific genetic factors influencing risk …

Insulin resistance has been characterized as attenuation of insulin sensitivity at target
organs and tissues, such as muscle and fat tissues and the liver. The insulin signaling …

Introduction The main objective of this research was to evaluate the association of insulin
resistance (IR) with micro-and macrovascular complications, sex hormones, and other …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder occurring due to the long-term effects
of diabetes, leading to vision-threatening damage to the retina. The human body has an …

Objective To identify determinants associated with insulin resistance and to assess the
association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular events, vascular interventions …

Background The urinary C‐peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) is low in patients with type 1
diabetes mellitus, but it has not been well characterized in patients with type 2 diabetes …

Diabetic neuropathy is among the most frequent complications of both type 1 (T1DM) and
type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and commonly manifests as a distal symmetrical polyneuropathy …

Purpose To investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR), DR intensity, and
estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) …