Our knowledge of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) biology has advanced to the point where we
now can generate most cells of the human body in the laboratory. PSC-derived …

Formation of the human heart involves complex biological signals, interactions, specification
of myocardial progenitor cells, and heart tube looping. To facilitate survival in the hypoxemic …

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart and controls heart rate
throughout life. Failure of SAN function due to congenital disease or aging results in slowing …

The number one cause of human fetal death are defects in heart development. Because the
human embryonic heart is inaccessible and the impacts of mutations, drugs, and …

The cardiac conduction system (CCS) consists of distinctive components that initiate and
conduct the electrical impulse required for the coordinated contraction of the cardiac …

The heartbeat originates within the sinoatrial node (SAN), a small structure containing<
10,000 genuine pacemaker cells. If the SAN fails, the∼ 5 billion working cardiomyocytes …

In 2014, an extensive review discussing the major steps of cardiac development focusing on
growth, formation of primary and chamber myocardium and the development of the cardiac …

The heart is the first organ to form during embryonic development. Given the complex nature
of cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis, it is not surprising that some form of congenital …

Rationale: The cardiac conduction system (CCS) consists of distinct components including
the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, His bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers …

The myocardium of the heart is composed of multiple highly specialized myocardial
lineages, including those of the ventricular and atrial myocardium, and the specialized …