Iron is a micronutrient essential for cellular energy and metabolism, necessary for
maintaining body homoeostasis. Iron deficiency is an important co-morbidity in patients with …

Electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes are the most frequently used tobacco product among
adolescents. Despite the widespread use of e-cigarettes and the known detrimental cardiac …

Aims The changes in iron status occurring during the course of heart failure (HF) and the
underlying pathomechanisms are largely unknown. Hepcidin, the major regulatory protein …

Cardiovascular autonomic imbalance, a cardinal phenotype of human heart failure, has
adverse implications for symptoms during wakefulness and sleep; for cardiac, renal, and …

Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterized by upregulation of the sympathetic nervous
system and abnormal responsiveness of the parasympathetic nervous system. 1 Evidence …

Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and
respiration. Muscle loss occurs as a consequence of several chronic diseases (cachexia) …

Background Previously, we have shown that radiofrequency (RF) renal denervation (RDN)
reduces myocardial infarct size in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and …

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a disorder characterized in part by immune activation and
inflammation. Thus, patients with HF have elevated levels of a number of inflammatory …

Cardiac cachexia (CC) is the clinical entity at the end of the chronic natural course of heart
failure (HF). Despite the efforts, even the most recent definition of cardiac cachexia has been …

The cardiovascular autonomic imbalance in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) provides
a significant increase in mortality rate, and seems to precede metabolic, hormonal, and …