Autophagy is fundamental for cell and organismal health. Two types of autophagy are
conserved in eukaryotes: macroautophagy and microautophagy. During macroautophagy …

Endomembrane trafficking is essential for all eukaryotic cells. The best-characterized
membrane trafficking organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus …

University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA. A challenge within the single molecule
biophysics field is reconstituting a motor-filament environment that reflects physiological …

The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can activate autophagy when
cellular energy production becomes compromised. However, the degree to which nutrient …

The ESCRT machinery is an ancient, evolutionarily conserved membrane remodelling
complex that is deployed by cells to perform a diverse collection of physiological and …

Plant vacuoles are dynamic organelles that play essential roles in regulating growth and
development. Two distinct models of vacuole biogenesis have been proposed: separate …

As scientists, we are at least as excited about the open questions—the things we do not
know—as the discoveries. Here, we asked 15 experts to describe the most compelling open …

The integrity of the nuclear membranes coupled to the selective barrier of nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs) are essential for the segregation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm …

In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of
plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the …

Vacuoles are the largest membrane-bounded organelles and have essential roles in plant
growth and development, but several important questions on the biogenesis and dynamics …