Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a
chronic, relapsing immune-mediated disease with a varying and sometimes severe disease …

The human body is full of an extensive number of commensal microbes, consisting of
bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the human microbiome. The initial …

Background Active-comparator trials are important to inform patient and physician choice.
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with either ustekinumab or …

Signature Cytokines and Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases The ability to block
specific cytokine pathways has revealed pathophysiological differences among autoimmune …

The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved
with the host in a symbiotic relationship. The presence of large numbers of symbionts near …

The human gut microbiota has now been associated with drug responses and efficacy, while
chemical compounds present in these drugs can also impact the gut bacteria. However …

Background Oxidative stress (OS) is a key pathophysiological mechanism in Crohn's
disease (CD). OS-related genes can be affected by environmental factors, intestinal …

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a subset of heterogeneous non-hematopoietic
fibroblast-like cells that can differentiate into cells of multiple lineages, such as …

Nociceptive pain is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory conditions including
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs); however, whether pain-sensing neurons influence …

NLRP3 inflammasome can be widely found in epithelial cells and immune cells. The NOD-
like receptors (NLRs) family member NLRP3 contains a central nucleotide-binding and …