Common side effects of opioid administration include sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, and respiratory depression. Physical …

Opioids are used increasingly for chronic non-cancer pain. Controversy exists about their
effectiveness and safety with long-term use. We analysed available randomised, placebo …

I focus on issues surrounding the promotion and marketing of controlled drugs and their
regulatory oversight. Compared with noncontrolled drugs, controlled drugs, with their …

A difficult decision for physicians who treat patients with chronic pain not associated with
terminal disease is whether and how to prescribe opioid therapy, which can relieve pain and …

Background: Chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is a major health problem, for which opioids
provide one treatment option. However, evidence is needed about side effects, efficacy, and …

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is most broadly defined as a state of nociceptive
sensitization caused by exposure to opioids. The state is characterized by a paradoxical …

Opioid bowel dysfunction (OBD) is a common adverse effect associated with opioid therapy.
OBD is commonly described as constipation; however, it is a constellation of adverse …

Opioid treatment for postoperative or chronic pain is frequently associated with adverse
effects, the most common being dose-limiting and debilitating bowel dysfunction …

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, treatment and impact of chronic pain in Canada.
METHODS: A stratified random sample of 2012 adult Canadians (weighted by sex, age and …

Design. This is a structured evidence-based review of all available studies on the
development of abuse/addiction and aberrant drug-related behaviors (ADRBs) in chronic …