Imaging can take many forms—from optical microscopes and telescopes through
ultrasonography to X-ray tomography. However, regardless of the imaging modality, the …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer therapy, based on a
photochemical reaction between a light activatable molecule or photosensitizer, light, and …

Upon adequate stimulation, real-time maps of cortical hemodynamic responses can be
obtained by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which noninvasively measures …

This year marks the 20th anniversary of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging
(fNIRS/fNIRI). As the vast majority of commercial instruments developed until now are based …

This review is aimed at celebrating the upcoming 20th anniversary of the birth of human
functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). After the discovery in 1992 that the functional …

Non-invasive optical imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography,,, are
essential diagnostic tools in many disciplines, from the life sciences to nanotechnology …

In complex media such as white paint and biological tissue, light encounters nanoscale
refractive-index inhomogeneities that cause multiple scattering. Such scattering is usually …

What do lotus flowers have in common with human bones, liquid crystals with colloidal
suspensions, and white beetles with the beautiful stones of the Taj Mahal? The answer is …

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has the potential for real-time molecular imaging at high
resolution and deep inside the tissue, using nonionizing radiation and not necessarily …

This review describes the diffusion model for light transport in tissues and the medical
applications of diffuse light. Diffuse optics is particularly useful for measurement of tissue …