Multiple sclerosis (MS) is universally found to be more prevalent in women than men. This
has led to extensive studies of differences in the immune system or nervous system between …

Background Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) unique to the cerebrospinal fluid are used in the
diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The precise prevalence of OCBs in MS and clinically …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
that often leads to disability in young adults. Treatment options are limited and often only …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has entered an era of immunomodulatory drug treatment, the impact
of which on long-term disease progression remains controversial. The increasing use of …

Understanding the pathogenesis of complex immunologic disorders such as multiple
sclerosis (MS) is challenging. Abnormalities in many different cell types are observed in the …

Prevention of progression in neurological diseases, particularly in multiple sclerosis (MS)
but also in neurodegenerative diseases, remains a significant challenge. MS patients switch …

Identifying the transition of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) to the secondary-
progressive MS form remains a clinical challenge due to the gradual nature of the transition …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease. With several disease modifying
treatments of different mechanisms of action in use now and in development, it is important …

To investigate whether multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands (OCB) differ in brain atrophy. Twenty-eight OCB …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system
characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. It mainly affects …