Cryptorchidism and hypospadias are common genital birth defects that affect 2–9% and 0.2–
1% of male newborns, respectively. The incidence of both defects shows large geographic …

Background Evidence suggests that there is widespread decline in male reproductive health
and that antiandrogenic pollutants may play a significant role. There is also a clear disparity …

Objectives: To investigate if live births conceived in months when surface water
agrichemicals are highest are at greater risk for birth defects. Methods: Monthly …

During the last years, a series of studies on combinations of oestrogenic, thyroid‐disrupting
and anti‐androgenic chemicals at low doses have been published. The available …

Although common reproductive problems, such as male infertility and testicular cancer,
present in adult life, strong evidence exists that these reproductive disorders might have a …

There are many organochlorine pollutants in the environment, which can be directly or
indirectly exposed to by mothers, and as estrogen endocrine disruptors can cause damage …

Background Numerous studies have focused on the association between endocrine-
disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and hypospadias. Phenotype variability, the absence of …

trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and its main metabolite 1, 1-Dichloro-2, 2-
bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) act as endocrine disruptors in humans and wildlife …

Background Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as persistent organochlorine
pesticides, has been suggested to increase the risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) …

Over recent decades, epidemiological studies have been reporting worrisome trends in the
incidence of human infertility rates. Extensive detection of industrial chemicals in human …