The field of research in bladder cancer has seen significant advances in recent years. Next-
generation sequencing has identified the genes most mutated in bladder cancer. This …

This Seminar presents the current best practice for the diagnosis and management of
bladder cancer. The scope of this Seminar ranges from current challenges in pathology …

The molecular landscape in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized
by large biological heterogeneity with variable clinical outcomes. Here, we perform an …

Abstract Background The European Association of Urology (EAU) prognostic factor risk
groups for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are used to provide …

The continuous improvement in cancer care over the past decade has led to a gradual
decrease in cancer-related deaths. This is largely attributed to improved treatment and …

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is an early-stage cancer without invasion into
the detrusor muscle layer. Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is a diagnostic …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of
cancers due to their inherent stability and resilience. To summarize the evidence regarding …

BACKGROUND Current methods for the detection and surveillance of bladder cancer (BCa)
are often invasive and/or possess suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, especially in early …

Abstract Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the most widely used vaccine worldwide and
has been used to prevent tuberculosis for a century. BCG also stimulates an anti-tumour …

Urinalysis is attractive in non‐invasive early diagnosis of bladder cancer compared with
clinical gold standard cystoscopy. However, the trace bladder tumor biomarkers in urine and …